⑫ Dodai (土台) – Foundation Sill or FootplateThe dodai is a system of horizontal beams that form the footplate at the base of a Japanese timber building. The tobukuro is a tall, closet-like storage space, usually at one end of the engawa or near the entrance of the house, for storing rain shutters and sliding doors when not in use. This is a favourite place for cats and dogs to retreat from the heat of the day. Some are completely enclosed with baseboards to prevent dead leaves and debris from accumulating under the house, while others have gaps between the boards to improve airflow. The en-no-shita is a crawl space under the veranda or floor, created to provide ventilation and reduce humidity inside the house. Footwear can be removed here and left on the step before entering the house. Enbashira are also known as engawa-bashira.Ī kutsu-nugi ishi is a stone step or slab placed in front of the engawa or inside the main entrance to the house. The en-bashira are the posts or pillars at the outer edge of the veranda that support the veranda eave purlin. Engawa without rain shutters or exterior panels to keep the rain out are called nure-en. A common characteristic of traditional Japanese houses, the engawa provides indoor-outdoor access to many of the rooms. The engawa is an open, timber-floored corridor or veranda constructed around the outside of the house. The lattice windows seen in the white plaster second-storey walls of Kyōto’s traditional machi-ya houses are known as mushiko-kabe. Because the provide effective security while allowing air and light to pass through, renji are used for sliding doors as well as windows. Those consisting entirely of parallel strips, without any cross-pieces, are called renji. Kōshi mado are windows with a lattice made from thin strips of wood arranged within a timber frame. The udegi (crossarm) hisashi has a more steeply sloping roof supported by crossarm braces. A roku-hisashi is a simple set of eaves cantilevered straight out from the wall, with a flat underside and slightly sloping upper side. Hisashi are additional eaves protruding over windows and entrances, constructed beneath the main roof to provide shade and protection from the rain. Shitaji is the name given to roof framing timbers such as purlins or battens fixed horizontally across the rafters, that the roof cladding is attached to. The taruki are the rafters that extend from the ridge beam down to the eaves of the roof. Other traditional roofing materials include timber shingles called kokera-buki, and hiwada-buki, shingles made from cypress bark. The roof tiles commonly seen nowadays on traditional-style homes in Japan became common during the latter part of the eighteenth century. Highly water-resistant stalks such as those of susuki grass ( Miscanthus sinensis) and yoshi, the common reed ( Phragmites australis), are used. Kaya is the general term for reeds and grasses used for making roofing thatch. Domed, bell-shaped gables are called kara-hafu (literally, Chinese cusped gable), while the triangular gables at the end of concave sloping roofs are called chidori-hafu because they resemble the downswept wings of a chidori (plover) bird in flight. There are different names for various styles of hafu. The hafu are the triangular end panels or sections, including the gable end wall and barge boards, and any decorative plates on the gable wall surface. This ceremony is also known as the mune-age or the tatemae. Once the post and beam framework of the house is completed and the ridge beam finally put in place, a jōtōshiki or ridge beam-raising ceremony is held to bless the house and pray for its safety. The ōmune is the main ridge of the roof, the highest section of the house.
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